HGH, or human growth hormone, is produced by the pituitary gland. It is necessary for growth in children, and maintenance of muscle mass and protein synthesis. Supplemental HGH is available by prescription only. Indications for use include growth failure in children due to lack of natural HGH production, muscle wasting related to HIV/AIDS and deficiency in adults. Illicit use of HGH is rising due to claims of enhanced athletic performance and anti-aging properties, according to Dr. Alan Rogol, professor of clinical pediatrics, University of Virginia and Indiana University School of Medicine. There are health risks associated with HGH use.
Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a disorder that results from too much HGH in the body due to overproduction by the pituitary gland. HGH supplementation in high doses may also cause the condition, Rogol says. Acromegaly causes changes in appearance due to abnormal bone growth and tissue growth that results in enlarged lips and nose, thickening and widening of the forehead and jaw, overbite and separation of the teeth. Acromegaly also causes joint swelling and pain, arthritis, excess hair growth in females, weight gain, enlarged hands and feet, thickened skin, body odor, heart disease and diabetes.
Acquired Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Acquired Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, or CJD, is a degenerative, fatal brain disease similar to "mad cow" disease, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. It is transmitted by exposure to infected brain tissue. Prior to 1985, HGH was made from the pituitary glands of corpses, and injection resulted in several cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Since then, HGH obtained legally in the U.S. is made using a procedure that eliminates this risk. According to Dr. Rogol, some of the HGH manufactured for illegal use is of human origin, and users face a risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease infection.
Breast Enlargement and Tumors
Males taking HGH risk abnormal breast enlargement or gynecomastia, and breast tumors, according to Wolters Kluwer Health. Children are also at risk for gynecomastia. Other health risks include high blood pressure, acne, pancreatitis, leukemia, high blood sugar, carpal tunnel syndrome, worsening of preexisting spinal curvature in children, increased cholesterol and triglycerides, joint disorders and increased sweating.
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