Whatever the sport performed, you rely on your knees to get you from point A to point B. However, an unexpected turn, blow to the leg or overuse can lead you to developing knee problems that may require physical therapy, medication and in some instances surgery. You can take steps, however, to minimize the strain placed on this joint while engaging in athletic activity.
Function
As the largest joint in the body, the knee has many moving parts that can be easily injured on the playing field, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. The knee is comprosed of ligaments, muscles and bones that encourage motion, but can also be easily injured if twisted or struck.
Types
The most common knee problems that occur due to sports are related to injuries that occur on the playing field, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Those who ski, or play football or basketball are more likely to experience anterior cruciate ligament injuries caused by changing direction rapidly. Football and soccer players are most likely to experience medial collateral ligament injuries that result in a blow to the outside of the knee. The posterior cruciate ligament can be injured in any sport when a misstep is made or a blow is delivered to the front of knee. Contact sports can also result in torn cartilage injuries, which causes severe pain.
Arthritis also can result from knee overuse over time in athletes. Wear and tear on the knee over time may lead to joint pain and stiffness, according to MedlinePlus.
Identification
Pain and swelling are typically the first signs of injury that accompany a knee problem. These symptoms can occur immediately upon injury or manifest themselves as much as 24 hours after an injury occurs, according to The Merck Manual. A popping sound can characterize a meniscal or ligament tear. The severity of the symptoms is often aligned with the severity of the injury. For example, more severe injuries will be accompanied by stiffness and spasming.
Prevention
Preventing knee injuries begins with wearing the proper protective equipment. Knee pads and shin guards can reduce the likelihood that a hit will damage your knee, according to Kids Health. Warming up and cooling down prior to playing also can keep the muscles warm, reducing your risk of injury. Changing up your exercise routine and exercising year-round can keep your muscles and joints in peak condition while preventing problems related to overuse.
Solution
If you experience a knee injury or problem as a result of sports, you should first practice the RICE method to prevent further injury: Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation, according to Kids Health. If your symptoms are severe, seek immediate medical attention. However, if pain seems to be increasing instead of reducing, you should seek a physician's advice, who can diagnose the problem and make treatment recommendations.
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