Long-term food storage is a sensible part of any emergency plan. You'll need to calculate how much you need to store depending upon the number of people you plan to provide for as well as the length of time you anticipate using your stored goods. To ensure the longest-term viability of your food stores, create a plan to rotate fresh items in and older items out on a regular basis.
Water
As a general rule of thumb, you should store one gallon of water per person per day. This assumes minimal activity; if hard labor or activity is anticipated, plan for additional water to compensate for loss through perspiration and heavy breathing. You'll also need to store water needed for cooking or reconstituting food. The New Jersey Office Of Emergency Management suggests that food-grade buckets or drums be used for large amounts of water and that stored water be treated at the time of storage to prevent contamination or microorganism growth during storage. You'll also want to treat water prior to use in the event contamination does occur in your stored water supply. Liquid bleach can be added to water to purify it. Four drops per quart or 2 tsp. per 10 gallons is sufficient.
Dry Matter
The Utah State University Cooperative Extension recommends storing one pound of dry matter per person per day as part of a long term food storage plan. "Dry matter" consists of most food products you would store, including rice, legumes, dried milk, flour, pasta and sugar, among other items. One pound of dry matter will provide approximately 1,600 calories. The way your food supply is packaged will greatly affect the length of time it will remain a safe and viable energy source. For example, dried milk and freeze-dried fruits and vegetables should be stored in nitrogen packed cans for maximum preservation. Your entire food supply should be stored in a cool, dark and dry environment in secure packaging to prevent spoilage and pest infestation.
Spices/Oils/Flavorings
Food not only nourishes our bodies, but can also nourish our mood and spirits. Therefore, it's important to include flavors and foods that are familiar so they can provide a source of morale and comfort during stressful or emergency situations. Most cooking oils, spices and seasonings will last several years if stored properly. Dried coffee, tea and cocoa will also have extensive shelf lives when kept well.
Other Items to Consider
In addition to food and water, you'll also need supplies and tools to be able to prepare and serve meals. Don't forget to include pots, pans, utensils, a can opener, a grain mill, plates, bowls, glasses and a some sort of cooking implement such as a grill or camp stove. Fuel for your cooking implement will also need to be readily available or stored. Vitamin and mineral supplements will ensure that each person will receive proper nutrition, particularly if part of your food supply becomes contaminated and unusable. Lastly, be sure to store food and additional water for family pets.
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