Shortness of breath and dizziness are known as non-specific symptoms. This means a diagnosis cannot be established from their presence alone: A further medical history, physical exam and tests should be performed. However, dizziness and shortness of breath occurring together point to problems in the cardiovascular or pulmonary systems or a psychological cause. Since the symptoms can be a sign of a serious and treatable medical condition, a healthcare professional should be consulted.
Cardiovascular
The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels. According to "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine," a problem that decreases blood flow to the organs, particularly the lungs and brain, can cause shortness of breath and dizziness. Cardiac arrhythmias in which the heart beats too slowly, too quickly or in an uncoordinated fashion can decrease the blood flow. Problems with the heart valves in which they are leaky or too restrictive will do the same, as will heart attacks. The blood vessels can dilate as a result of infections or allergic reactions, which will drop the blood pressure.
Pulmonary
Problems in the lungs and airways can cause shortness of breath, and decreased oxygen levels in the blood as a result of problems in the lungs can decrease a person's capacity for exertion and lead to dizziness. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs with bacteria, viruses or fungi. As noted by "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine," the affected part of the lungs fills with cellular debris and fluid, making that area of the lungs temporarily non-functional. Shortness of breath and dizziness can be caused by other lung diseases as well. In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the normal, elastic, stretchable lung tissue is replaced by fibrous inflexible scar tissue, making breathing difficult.
Psychogical Conditions
Shortness of breath and dizziness can be caused by psychological factors such as panic attacks. Panic attacks be experienced as episodes of intense fear or may manifest as physical symptoms, such as dizziness and shortness of breath. According to the American Psychiatric Association, other symptoms include but are not limited to gastrointestinal complaints, headaches, chest pain and rapid heart beat.
References
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine" Anthony S. Fauci; 17th Ed 2008
- "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV"; American Psychiatric Association; June 2000
