Carbon fiber and aluminum are newer and increasingly popular substitutes for the original bike frame material, steel. In the early 21st century, carbon fiber gained a reputation for being lightweight and the latest frame technology, but advancements in aluminum alloys and frame construction make the two frame materials equal contenders for best material.
Purpose
Almost all carbon fiber bicycles are designed for competitive road riders, who can get increased speed from riding on such a lightweight material. In contrast, aluminum frames are available for road, mountain, cyclocross, hybrid and other models of bikes.
Weight
Carbon fiber frames are not always lighter than aluminum frames. Weight depends on construction methods; for example, almost any carbon fiber frame sold in a bike shop will be lighter than an aluminum bike sold in big box stores. However, the late bike mechanic Sheldon Brown, developer of his own popular bike reference website, notes that weight makes little difference to the average bicyclist, so don't make that your focus when buying a bike.
Cost
According to outdoor equipment retailer REI, when it comes to bike frames, "the more you pay, the less it weighs," and this holds true for carbon fiber and aluminum bikes. Compare two bikes of any frame material, and the lighter one will cost less.
Durability
Due to the weight forces operating on a loaded-down touring bike, carbon fiber is a poor choice for such trips, as well as for any sort of off-road riding or trick riding. Sheldon Brown notes that the areas where metal fittings, such as fork ends, bottom bracket shells or headsets, attach to a carbon fiber frame are particularly weak. Carbon fiber is excellent for racing, with its combination of durability and weight. Aluminum frames handle better the weight and shocks of grocery shopping, commuting and trail riding. However, David Madajian of Commuterbicycle.com warns that you must inspect both carbon fiber and aluminum frames regularly for cracks.
Comfort
Many bicyclists assert that frame material makes a significant difference in riding comfort. David Madajian finds that aluminum frames, except when they have suspension, make for a more jarring ride than steel or carbon fiber. On the other hand, Sheldon Brown believed it was misleading to focus on bike frame material when considering comfort. Tire type, saddle type and frame geometry can all make a big difference in your comfort regardless of frame material. In short, it's a matter of personal preference and the quality of your bicycle's components.
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