Quitting smoking is difficult, yet necessary to help prevent the plethora of serious illnesses it causes. Knowing what effects to expect when quitting--and getting help from medicines, classes, support groups and self-help information--can increase chances for success, according to the American Cancer Society. Nicotine addiction, social and emotional ties and the act of smoking all have an adverse affect on a smoker's mind.
Neurological Effects
A neurological basis exists for the emotional effects of nicotine withdrawal, such as irritability, anxiety, low mood, difficulty sleeping and frustration. Smoking affects mood and causes feelings of well being by acting on neurotransmitters (brain chemicals) such as serotonin and dopamine. Although smokers may perceive smoking as stress-reducing, that may only be in comparison to the stress caused by nicotine withdrawal. Through complex biological mechanisms, this may perpetuate continued smoking.
Psychological Effects
The signs of psychological addiction can persist long after physical addiction to nicotine resolves. The ritual of handling and smoking a cigarette is part of the enjoyment, especially because it is associated with the stress relief and relaxation smokers commonly experience. Smoking is often associated with socialization. It often occurs when smokers are with friends and having a good time, or when people are pressured by their peers to smoke. Smokers trying to quit can relapse due to feeling left out or pressured. Nicotine is characterized as a stimulant, but has the unique ability to relive anxiety as well as depression depending on the needs of the smoker. This phenomena is a powerful part of psychological addiction.
Effects on Sufferers of Psychiatric Disorders
Symptoms of nicotine dependence and withdrawal are more severe in those with major depression and anxiety disorders, according to an article titled "Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms and Psychiatric Disorders: Findings from an Epidemiologic Study of Young Adults." Dysphoria, or low mood, cravings for cigarettes, nervousness and irritability are reported as more severe among smokers trying to quit that have these conditions.
References
- American Cancer Society: Help with the Mental Part of Addiction
- National Institutes of Health: Severity of Brain Changes During Nicotine Withdrawal Comparable to Those for Other Drugs of Abuse
- The American Journal of Psychiatry: Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms and Psychiatric Disorders: Findings From an Epidemiologic Study of Young Adults
- A Neurobiological Basis for Nicotine Withdrawal
- Family Doctor: Smoking: 'Why Do I Smoke?' Quiz
