Iodine, a trace mineral, plays a key role in the metabolism of cells and is essential to ensure normal function of the thyroid gland, which in turn is critical to optimal health. Excessive amounts of iodine can hamper proper thyroid function. However, the most common reason for a low-iodine diet is to prepare for radioactive imaging scans or certain types of radiation treatment, with both of which high blood levels of iodine can interfere.
Salt, Spices and Condiments
Most salt and salt substitutes marketed in the United States are iodized, meaning that the products have been combined with small amounts of iodized salts designed to protect against iodine deficiency. These products, including sea salt, kelp and seasoned salt, are off-limits on a low-iodine diet, according to the Ohio State University Medical Center. Non-iodized salt products are permitted, as are most other spices and herbs, as well as such condiments as catsup, mustard, vinegar and 100 percent pure maple syrup.
Dairy, Eggs, Fats and Oils
All dairy products must be eliminated on a low-iodine diet, notes the University of Pennsylvania Health System. As a result, calcium consumption may fall below desirable levels, which is one reason that low-iodine diets usually are ordered for relatively short periods of time. You may eat small amounts of egg products, such as may be necessary for cooking purposes. Allowable fats and oils include vegetable and olive oils, as well as unsalted margarine, unsalted nuts and unsalted peanut butter.
Fruits and Vegetables
Ohio State's low-iodine diet allows fresh fruits, fruit juices and fresh vegetables, except spinach. However, canned vegetables with added salt are prohibited, as are canned fruits and juices containing red dye.
Grains and Starches
Allowable foods in this category, according to the University of Pennsylvania, include fresh potatoes with no skin; homemade rice, not enriched or from a packaged mix; pasta with no added salt or eggs; shredded wheat; puffed rice; hot cereals, such as oatmeal and cream of wheat, without added salt; and one to two slices of bread daily with total sodium content not to exceed 20 mg per serving.
Meat, Poultry and Fish
You may eat small amounts of beef, pork and veal, as well as chicken and turkey that have not been injected with broth. Because of their high iodine content, fish are strictly off limits.
Beverages
Low-iodine dieters may drink coffee, tea, carbonated beverages, lemonade and water but should steer clear of all milk-related beverages and fruit drinks containing red dye. They also may use non-dairy creamer in their coffee.
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