According to the Merck Manuals, dermatitis is inflammation of the upper levels of the skin. Allergic contact dermatitis--the second most common type of contact dermatitis, according to MedlinePlus--is a condition where the upper levels of the skin become inflamed due to direct contact with an allergen. An allergen is a substance that causes an overreaction of the immune system that result in the release of IgE antibodies and histamine. Someone who suffers from allergic contact dermatitis should see an allergist for proper identification of allergens and treatment.
Cause
MedlinePlus states that when a person with allergic contact dermatitis comes in direct contact with an allergen, inflammation of the skin will appear 24 to 48 hours afterward. The immune system attempts to fight off the substance with histamine and inadvertently causes the skin to become inflamed, itchy and red in color.
Triggers
Any substance that causes an allergic reaction can cause allergic contact dermatitis, but the most common are cosmetics, deodorants, rubber, latex, metals, cleaning products, perfume, weeds, plants, poison ivy, medications and soaps, according to MayoClinic.com. Direct contact with these substances can cause the skin to break out with hives or other allergic rashes, causing discomfort and pain.
Symptoms
MedlinePlus states that common symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis are skin redness, itching, swelling of the skin, tenderness in irritated areas and skin lesions that may ooze, drain or crust. Avoid scratching the affected areas, as excessive scratching can cause permanent scaring. The skin may also become thick and leathery. The Merck Manuals states that the skin will react in the exposed area, but the rash can spread if the body continues to experience an allergic reaction.
Treatment
The Merck Manuals state that effective treatment begins with identifying and avoiding direct contact with allergens. An allergist will perform allergy tests on the skin to identify the exact substances that someone is allergic to. Once the allergens are identified, avoid skin contact with them. MayoClinic.com states that the use of hydrocortisone and oral antihistamines may help control and manage allergic contact dermatitis. If medication does not improve the symptoms, seek medical advice.
Considerations
According to MedlinePlus, the skin rash should clear up in two to three weeks. If the patient's occupation places her in direct contact with an allergen, she may consider changing professions. If not treated, a secondary skin infection may develop.
