Inhaled steroids are long-term controller medications which are used on a daily basis to help reduce airway swelling and inflammation; and improve lung functions. Inhaled steroids, such as corticosteroids, help air passages in the lungs to remain open, thereby treating asthma symptoms, according to KidsHealth. Since inhaled steroids act directly on the lung tissue, there are some chronic side effects, as compared to pills or intravenous injections.
Effects on Growth Rate
The growth-retarding effects of inhaled steroids, such as corticosteroids, are important considerations. They are potent inhibitors of virtually every growth factor in children, including growth hormone secretion and action, according to the National Institute of Health. Their putative effects also disrupt collagen---fibrous proteins and the chief constituent of connective tissue synthesis---affecting linear growth in children.
Effects on Bone Metabolism
Long-term use of inhaled steroids taken for asthma complications has potential adverse effects on bone density and metabolism. Steroid-induced osteoporosis, a fracture syndrome, is understandably a major concern that results from low bone mineral density, notes the American Academy of Family Physicians. Inhaled corticosteroids also can cause a fall in biochemical bone markers of bone turnover in the blood. A bone marker is a distinctive biological or biologically derived indicator, such as hormone, enzyme, antibody or any other substances, that serves as a sign of a potential bone disorder in blood and urine tests. This can cause a diagnostic test to produce erroneous results.
Effects on the Eyes and Skin
Effects of long-term treatment with inhaled steroids may increase the risk of some eye problems, such as cataracts, and skin problems, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. Easy bruising is a common side-effect of inhaled steroid, corticosteroids. The risks of ocular hypertension, or high blood pressure in the eye and open-angle glaucoma, or fluid buildup in the eye, are attributed largely to the regular use of high dose corticosteroids.
