Autism is a developmental disorder that affects a child's brain development as well as how he communicates and interacts socially. Autism is not one condition but rather a series of disorders called autism spectrum disorders. Despite extensive research, the cause remains unknown, although scientists believe environment and genetics are involved. According to 2010 information from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, between three and six of every 1,000 American children will develop autism, and boys develop the condition three to four times more often than girls. Symptoms typically begin developing before a child's third birthday.
Unusual Behaviors
Toddlers who have autism often exhibit some unusual behaviors that their parents and caregivers begin to question. Autistic kids often play with their toys by lining them up, or may always play with their toys in the exact same manner, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They may seem fascinated by particular parts of a toy. They often seem organized and comforted by routine, getting upset if the routine is deviated from in any way. Other behaviors often seen in autistic kids include spinning in circles, flapping their arms and rocking back and forth.
Communication
If your suspect your toddler may have autism, you may notice that she does not communicate like other children her age. She may start speaking very late or may not begin communicating verbally at all, instead using gestures. Autistic toddlers may not engage in conversation and may not respond to communication cues from others, according to National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. When they do speak, their words may seem nonsensical or they may recite passages they have overheard elsewhere.
Social Interaction
Toddlers with autism often do not interact socially as their peers do. They often do not make eye contact when spoken to, or smile when someone smiles at them, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Autistic children also may not enjoy interactive play, such as peek-a-boo, and do not enjoy playing or interacting with others. They often prefer to spend their play time alone and may seem to be withdrawn. A toddler who does not respond to his name also may be showing a sign of autism.
Sensory Issues
Children with autism may not respond to sensory stimulation as other children do. For example, they may not become startled when they hear loud noises, but may be bothered by normal sounds, according to MedlinePlus. Autistic kids may also have abnormal senses of smell, touch, taste and sight, and may seem to have either an unusually high or unusually low threshold for pain.
