The term "renal" refers to the pair of organs located near the middle of the back: the kidneys. These vital organs reprocess bloods and remove waste and excess water, according to the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. The kidneys also regulate blood pressure and produce calcitriol and erythropoietin, which are linked to healthy levels of bone marrow and calcium. Kidney problems require professional diagnosis and treatment. Renal diet direction should be done by a licensed nutritionist, a medical doctor or a kidney specialist called a nephrologist.
Sodium Intake
Sodium is a major concern for people with renal problems, and such diets usually restrict salt in any form. The use of salt raises blood pressure and increases the body's need for water. The National Institutes of Health recommend a diet of "less than 100 mg of salt per serving," but the diet must be based on the individual's needs and medical condition.
After an initial medical referral, people with renal disease may seek out a dietitian specializing in kidney diets. The Kidney Foundation operates in most U.S. states, according to the Medline Plus Encyclopedia, and lists registered dietitians as well as providing information related to renal diets.
Potassium Intake
Medline Plus reports that potassium is needed to keep the heartbeat steady, but too much of it is bad for the kidneys. Natural potassium is found in fruits and vegetables, especially bananas, grapes, lettuce, onions, carrots, tomatoes and potatoes. Breads, nuts, and coffee are also potassium-rich. When potassium is not monitored, dangerous heart rhythms may occur. Salt substitutes containing potassium should be avoided. The Medical College of Wisconsin recommends consulting a doctor or dietitian before making any changes to a diet.
Fluid Intake
When the kidneys do not function properly, fluid is not processed and much of it fails to be excreted in a normal fashion. Additional water intake only exacerbates the problem. The DIvision of Nephrology at the Medical College of Wisconsin recommends sucking on small amounts of premeasured ice chips or a lemon wedge, chewing sugarless gum and drinking only when thirsty. Social drinking should be avoided.
Protein Intake
Meat, eggs, nuts, beans and milk contain protein. Protein intake must be carefully regulated for people with renal problems. The body needs protein to "repair muscles and fight diseases," according to the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Regular renal activity removes the waste products from the blood, but allows the protein to remain for use in building muscles and bones. Renal disease impairs the proper filtering function, and the protein levels may go too high or too low. Evaluation of the impairment is done by a specialist to determine the amount of healthy protein intake. Some people with reduced kidney function may need to avoid protein in all forms, while others need to drastically reduce intake, according to the Medical College of Wisconsin's Division of Nephrology.
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