Coughing helps keep the throat and airways clear, according to the New York Times, but in the case of a persistent or painful cough, relief is often sought. Many different types of cough medicine can be bought without a prescription, and there are home remedies that may be effective as well. For more severe episodes of coughing, prescription medicine may be the most effective treatment.
Over-the-Counter Medicine
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, cough medicine that can be bought over the counter is typically grouped into two kinds: antitussives and expectorants. Antitussives are drugs that suppress the cough reflex; the main ingredient in these types of cough medicines is dextromethorphan, says the University of Iowa. This kind of medicine should not be given if the cough sounds wet or is producing mucus. Expectorants are drugs that help thin the mucus in the lungs, making it easier to cough up, relieving chest congestion. In this kind of medicine, the main ingredient is called guaifenisin. Both kinds of medicines can be dehydrating, so fluid intake needs to be increased while taking these drugs.
Prescription Cough Medicine with Codeine
More severe coughing may require prescription cough medicine, which typically has codeine added to it. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should ask their physician if it is safe to take this medicine because of the added codeine. Prescription cough medicine with codeine can cause several side effects, including blurred vision, nausea, tiredness, dry mouth and constipation, says Drugs.com. Individuals taking other medications like barbituates, HIV protease inhibitors, anticholinergics and certain types of antidepressants may experience adverse effects. Any other medications or supplements being taken should be reported to the prescribing physician to avoid drug interactions.
Cough Drops and Lozenges
Cough drops and lozenges are easily portable and have soothing properties for coughing caused by colds. Some cough drops can help suppress the urge to cough by releasing menthol as the drop dissolves. Other brands use a combination of menthol and eucalyptus to soothe coughs. Cough drops and lozenges are temporary ways to tame a cough and do not work as well as other cough medications.
Honey
Dr. James Steckelberg from the Mayo Clinic says that various studies have shown honey to be an effective cough suppressant. When children age two and older were given two teaspoons of honey at bedtime, sleep was improved and nighttime coughing was lessened. Steckelberg adds that the study found honey to be as effective as the antitussive dextromethorphan in suppressing coughs. Children under the age of one year old cannot have honey because of the risk of botulism, so this should not be used on them.
