The group of muscles at the back of the lower leg is commonly called the calf. There are two major muscles, both of which insert into the heel using the Achilles tendon. When the leg contracts, tension is placed on this tendon and enables the individual to walk, stand on their toes and jump. When the tension is excessive from repetition or high force, the Achilles tendon can be torn or ruptured.
Pain
The most common symptom of a bad Achilles tendon is pain, stiffness or tenderness. This occurs usually 1 1/2 inches above where the Achilles' tendon inserts at the base of the heel. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, this pain will worsen with activity and will be the most severe the day after exercising. Individuals may find that the pain subsides slightly after the muscle and tendon warm up during activity. However, there will be stiffness and pain along the tendon in the morning after the foot has been resting all night. During sleep the foot rests with the toes pointed away from the head. Upon arising from bed, the Achilles tendon is stretched when weight is placed on the foot. According to the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, pain can be elicited when the sides of the tendon are squeeze.
Swollen and Thickened Tendon
An Achilles tendon that has a chronic injury will exhibit thickening and degeneration over the tendon as time goes on, according to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. In some instances this degeneration will also begin to calcify, especially at the insertion into the heel bone. This thickening of the tendon can be felt over the Achilles tendon. There may also be swelling that gets worse throughout the day with activity.
Reduced ROM and Strength
According to The Everett Clinic, individuals who are suffering from an injured or bad Achilles tendon will also experience a reduced range of motion and strength in the lower leg and ankle. This means that the individual may not be able to rotate their ankle or raise the toe toward the face without significant pain. Without the support of the Achilles tendon, an individual will not be able to rise on their toes, jump, run or walk quickly.
Inability to Continue Activity
When the Achilles tendon has ruptured, the individual will not be able to continue the activity they were previously enjoying, according to American Family Physician. In these instances, the individual may have had a feeling of being kicked in the heel or hearing any pop as the tendon ruptures.
