Loose stools, also called diarrhea, are watery, recurrent bowel movements that usually occur at least three times per day. Loose stools are considered chronic when they have occurred for at least four weeks, according to MedlinePlus. Chronic loose stools usually indicate the presence of an underlying medical condition that interferes with normal digestion.
Crohn's Disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of an area of the digestive tract, usually the small intestine. The exact cause of Crohn's disease, but the most widely accepted theory is that it develops due to an abnormal immune response that causes damage to otherwise healthy intestinal cells, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse.
The most common symptoms of Crohn's disease are chronic loose stools and abdominal pain. Some people with Crohn's disease also experience rectal bleeding, weight loss, arthritis, skin problems and fever. Because the cause of Crohn's disease is unknown, it can be difficult to treat. Treatment options generally include anti-inflammatory medications, immunosuppressants, antibiotics and anti-diarrheals combined with a balanced diet and nutritional supplements. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to remove an area of the digestive tract if it is extensively damaged.
Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by the chronic inflammation of the lining of the colon and rectum. Those with ulcerative colitis also develop ulcers in the colon and rectum that can occasionally flare and result in pain and rectal bleeding, according to Cleveland Clinic. The cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown, but like Crohn's disease, it is believed to develop as a result of an abnormal immune response.
Symptoms of ulcerative colitis usually occur in episodes that alternate with periods of remission. Symptoms include chronic diarrhea that often contains blood, dehydration, abdominal pain and fever. Treatment for ulcerative colitis usually includes anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants. A diet high in protein and low in fiber can also help reduce severity of symptoms. If medications and nutrition therapy are ineffective, surgery to remove a damaged part of the colon may be recommended.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome affects the colon and is defined by its symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, cramping and constipation. Irritable bowel syndrome occurs as a result of abnormalities in intestinal muscle contractions. Contractions may be too strong and frequent or too weak and sporadic, which results in uncomfortable digestive symptoms.
The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are usually exacerbated with increased stress, hormonal changes and certain foods, such as carbonated beverages, caffeine, chocolate and alcohol, according to MayoClinic.com. Treatment focuses on relief of symptoms and includes fiber supplements, anti-diarrheal medications and anticholinergic medications, which reduce muscle contractions in an attempt to relieve diarrhea. Avoiding trigger foods and reducing stress can also help reduce symptoms.
