Toothache can be an agonizing type of pain. The dull, throbbing sensations associated with tooth problems can make eating, drinking and even talking painful. Fortunately, many products are available to make toothaches more bearable. Understanding the benefits and limitations of toothache relievers allows you as a consumer to choose the best treatment for your condition.
Types
Many options exist for treating pain from a toothache. Over-the-counter topical creams and gels containing benzocaine are common toothache treatments, while numbing herbs such as clove oil may provide temporary topical pain relief as well.
Systemic pain relievers such as acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, known as NSAIDs, are available over the counter and can be used in conjunction with topical treatments for added relief.
Pharmacology
Benzocaine---the active ingredient in many topical toothache medications---relieves toothaches by producing temporary numbness in the affected area. Benzocaine blocks sodium from entering nerve endings, thereby preventing the central nervous system from interpreting the resulting signals as pain.
Clove oil works in a similar manner, producing local anesthesia in the teeth and gums. Clove oil has germicidal effects and is added to many dental products like mouthwashes and toothpastes. According to the Atlanta Dental Group, clove oil, also known as eugenol, can be applied to the toothache on a cotton ball and provide relief for 60 to 90 minutes.
NSAIDs stop inflammation by inhibiting the enzymes that produce inflammatory compounds known as prostaglandins. These medications are most effective when gum inflammation is involved and often take up to 30 minutes to work.
Side Effects/Risks
All herbs and medications have the potential to cause side effects in some users. According to Drugs.com, benzocaine does not commonly cause side effects, though it can trigger a life-threatening allergic reaction in rare instances. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include swelling of the face or throat, chest tightness and difficulty breathing. Similarly, herbs like clove bud may cause local irritation or a rare allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. Always consult your physician before attempting naturopathic remedies at home.
Common side effects of ibuprofen and other NSAIDs include heartburn, nausea and dizziness. According to eMedTV, NSAIDs increase the risk for internal bleeding and cardiovascular problems and stroke, especially in chronic users over the age of 60.
Considerations
While they can help manage the symptoms of dental problems, pain relievers don't treat the underlying cause of toothache and may be harmful when used for prolonged periods without adequate dental care. In some cases, life-threatening infection can result from untreated dental problems, making prompt diagnosis vital.
Warning
Persistent or severe toothache may indicate a more serious problem. If you experience tooth pain accompanied by fever, severe jaw pain or dizziness, seek immediate medical help.
