Anticoagulants are available as oral tablets or as intravenous medicine. Anticoagulants require frequent monitoring by a physician as well as careful watch of the diet. Anticoagulants are effective medications if taken exactly as prescribed. According to the Mayo Clinic, interactions with other medications, supplements and certain foods increase the risk of clotting problems or can reduce the effectiveness of the medication. To reduce the risk of side effects, let your physician know all prescription and over-the-counter medications and supplements you take.
What Is an Anticoagulant?
An anticoagulant prevents blood from forming clots. It cannot dissolve existing clots, but it can prevent them from becoming larger. Anticoagulants treat different types of heart disease and reduce the risk of strokes. Some people refer to anticoagulants as blood thinners, but they do not actually thin the blood.
Prescription Anticoagulants
Several different types of anticoagulants are oavailable. They include warfarin, taken orally, and heparin, administered through IV. Aspirin, often prescribed for people at risk for heart disease or strokes, is actually an anti-platelet rather than an anticoagulant. It works by keeping blood cells from clumping together.
Side Effects
Side effects of anticoagulants include bleeding from the gums or nose, unexplained bruising, the development of tiny pinpricks of blood on the skin, wounds that ooze blood and coughing up blood. If you experience any of these side effects while taking anticoagulants, contact your physician immediately.
Lifestyle Issues
People prescribed anticoagulants often find it necessary to modify their lifestyle. It is important that you let any physician or dentist that treats you know that you are taking anticoagulants. Anticoagulants prevent clots from forming, but increase the risk of complications after medical procedures or minor injuries. Many people who take prescription anticoagulants wear medical bracelets containing that information. According to the Mayo Clinic, some foods work as natural blood thinners, while others decrease the effectiveness of anticoagulants. Talk to your doctor about potential risks of eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, which may further impair clotting function and lead to excessive bleeding. Other foods that may affect blood-clotting ability include garlic, onions, strawberries and wine. Foods rich in vitamin K may reduce the effectiveness of anticoagulants. Your doctor can let you know if you should modify your diet regarding these foods.
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