Alcohol inhibits receptors in the brain. When alcohol consumption halts, the brain experiences hyperexcitability which results in the manifestation of alcohol craving and withdrawal. The American Academy of Family Physicians explain that the degree of withdrawal is dependent on the amount of alcohol consumed and the length of time of the dependency. Each attempt at withdrawal exhibits symptoms that are similar in nature. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome can be diagnosed through physical examination and history.
Minor Withdrawal Symptoms
The AAFP describe minor symptoms as sleeplessness, anorexia, nervousness, palpitations, mild anxiety, nausea and vomiting, sweating and headaches. The University of Maryland Medical Center tells us that symptoms normally occur within six to 48 hours from the last drink and become acute in 24 to 35 hours. These are caused by an overstimulation of the central nervous system and an overproduction of stress hormones.
Seizures and Hallucinations
The AAFP states that visual, auditory and tactile hallucinations, called alcoholic hallucinosis, can occur 12 to 24 hours after the last drink. Withdrawal seizures can occur within 24 to 48 hours and are more prevalent in those who have detoxified before. These are generalized or grand mal type seizures and UMMC tell us they are experienced by 10 percent of withdrawal patients within a time frame lasting no more than six hours.
Delirium Tremens
More commonly known as the DT's, delirium tremens can be fatal. Five percent of alcohol abusers experience them during withdrawal and they normally become evident within two to five days. UMMC states they peak in two or more days. The alcoholic patient is more susceptible to delirium tremens if alcohol use has been prolonged and heavy, if abnormal liver functioning is present and if the patient is older. They are presented by confusion, agitation and mainly visual hallucinations. Seizures may also occur.
