Pneumonia, a serious infection of the lung, is a common health condition among the elderly, and the Centers for Disease Control indicates that it is a leading cause of death for individuals over 65 years of age. The symptoms of pneumonia can vary from person to person, yet surprisingly, signs and symptoms of pneumonia in the elderly typically usually are subtle; specifically, symptoms may not be as apparent as symptoms in younger individuals. This reduced presentation can increase the risk for the elderly, that is, older persons may experience complications if pneumonia is not detected early or if it persists untreated.
Flu-like Symptoms
The common presenting signs of pneumonia, specifically flu-like symptoms of fever and productive cough, are frequently subtle and minimally obvious for health care to be sought. According to the Merck Geriatric Manual, somewhere between 33 to 60 percent of senior patients actually experience a high temperature. Instead, individuals with pneumonia may present with no history of fever, and in fact, may report a lower than normal temperature. Older individuals often seek care for presenting symptoms of tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and tachypnea (rapid breathing). (See "pneumonia image" in References).
Mental Symptoms
Again, it is emphasized that in older individuals the signs and symptoms of pneumonia are much milder and gradual than characteristic signs that would alert one to possible illness. However, many cases of pneumonia in the aged do present with a pronounced symptom, that is, cognitive or mental deficits; for example, patients presenting with a state of mental confusion, disorientation or, at times, delirium.
Other Symptoms
Pneumonia may cause fatigue and weakness in those suffering this lung infection. Additionally, in older individuals with previously diagnosed and existing pulmonary problems, these conditions may get worse during the gradual period when, with frequent unawareness, individuals are developing pneumonia. This then relates to the fact that a major risk factor for the development of this condition in aged populations is co-morbid or coinciding other health conditions. According to the Merck Geriatric Manual, the possibility of a serious outcome in seniors with pneumonia (death included), has been found to be directly associated with the quantity or number of co-morbid illnesses. Therefore, it is critical that subtle health changes in elderly individuals be monitored and evaluated when necessary in order to prevent late diagnosis and treatment.
