The National Cancer Institute reports more than one million cases of skin cancer developing in a given year. Skin cancer forms in the tissues of the skin and on differing layers of the skin. Three main types of skin cancer exist. Basal cell carcinoma, which occurs on the top layer of skin and is most common in people with lighter complexions. Squamous cell carcinoma is more aggressive and found on the ears, face or mouth but is treatable. Malignant melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer and impacts over 50,000 Americans a year. Vitamin deficiency does not cause skin cancer necessarily, but vitamins play a vital role in prevention of skin cancer as well as diminishing the progression of skin cancer.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E exists in eight different forms, with d-alpha-tocopherol being the most active and powerful in providing antioxidant health benefits. The Vitamins and Nutrition Center explains that vitamin E is especially important for protecting the skin against free radicals that cause cell damage and lead to cancer. According to a 2002 study in "Surgery", vitamin E inhibits melanoma cell growth in mice, which may translate to inhibiting melanoma growth in treating human skin cancer. Ongoing studies continue to explore the therapeutic effects of using vitamin E to fight skin cancer.
Vitamin D
According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, daily vitamin D is recommended for skin protection. Vitamin D is obtained from sun exposure, certain foods and supplementation. The body manufactures vitamin D when exposure to the sun's ultraviolet B rays interact with a chemical referred to as 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is already present in the skin. Less than 15 minutes of sun exposure a day can aid in vitamin D absorption, however, this is not always safe given the risk of progressing skin cancer. Individuals unable to obtain daily sun exposure can supplement with 1,000 international units of vitamin D or by eating foods such as dairy products, beef liver and eggs. Consultation with a physician regarding the best form of obtaining vitamin D is suggested.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C supplements can inhibit cancerous tumors of the skin, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that supports healthy growth and development of tissues, collagen and proteins in the skin. Vitamin C contains antioxidants that fight the damage caused by free radicals and external toxins. Fruits and vegetables contain vitamin C, with citrus, broccoli and green vegetables containing the largest amounts of this vitamin. The anti-cancer benefits of vitamin C are important, however, no more than 90 mg taken a day are required because this vitamin does not store in fat for later use.
Vitamin B3
Niacin, or vitamin B3, is one of the B vitamins useful in maintaining skin health. Vitamin B is typically ingested through foods such as tuna, breads and some dairy products. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that topical forms of B3 are being researched as a possible measure for preventing skin cancer. Supplements of B3 are available over-the-counter, but staying within the recommended daily dose is suggested to prevent abnormal side effects such as facial flushing or red skin.
