Sinus infections are caused when the air-filled spaces in the skull cannot rid themselves of mucus buildup. During pregnancy there is an increase in the vasculature of the sinuses, creating more mucus. A stuffy nose is a common complaint during pregnancy. The cilia or tiny hairs that line the membranes of the sinuses cannot move the excess mucus out, and infection can occur. Colds or allergies during pregnancy can also cause mucus buildup and sinus infections, according to MedlinePlus. Several common antibiotics are safe to use during pregnancy to treat sinus infections.
Cephalexin
The first generation cephalosporin, cephalexin is safe during pregnancy. Sinus infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes bacterium will respond well to cephalaxin. Cephalexin should be given for seven to 10 days in four daily doses of 250 to 500 milligrams. Ten percent of patients with known penicillin allergies have a cross sensitivity to cephalosporins. Cephalosporin use in patients with known penicillin allergies should be monitored closely for anaphylactic reactions. Mouth, tongue or throat swelling warrants immediate medical attention, according to Drugs.com.
Ampicillin
Penicillins are effective against sinus infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Ampicillin can be used during pregnancy to treat sinus infections. Patients allergic to penicillin should not use ampicillin as serious and potentially fatal allergic reactions can occur. Anaphylactic reactions in response to penicillins include swelling of the throat and tongue severe enough to occlude the airway. Ampicillin 500 mg, taken in four daily doses one to two hours prior to meals for seven to 10 days, should cure a sinus infection in pregnancy, according to Drugs.com.
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin, a flurorquinolone, can be used in pregnancy to treat sinus infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae or Moraxella catarrhalis. Studies of Ciprofloxacin show no difference in the rate of prematurity, spontaneous abortion or birth weight in mothers using ciprofloxacin during pregnancy. Malformation rates in women exposed to ciprofloxacin and fluoroquinolones was no different than those not exposed, according to Rxlist.com. Patients with kidney insufficiency will require smaller doses to avoid accumulation of the drug in the system. Ciprofloxacin can be taken on an empty stomach. Fluoroquinolones come with a black box warning regarding possible tendon rupture.
