Cholesterol is usually divided into two categories: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is the "bad" cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which is considered to be "good." Cholesterol levels have a variety of effects on the heart and lead to many physicians recommending regular cholesterol screening, especially in older people.
Risk of Heart Disease
According to the American Heart Association, a high cholesterol level is a serious contributor for heart disease, heart attacks and strokes. Consequently, the American Heart Association recommends that people who are at risk of heart disease have regular cholesterol screenings.
Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis
Cholesterol is a major contributor to a condition known as atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, cholesterol becomes embedded in the walls of arteries, where it is processed by cells until it forms a hard plaque or bulge in the artery. This is called an atherosclerotic plaque. This plaque makes the walls of the artery thick and stiff.
Atherosclerosis and Blood Pressure
One of the ways in which high levels of cholesterol can affect the heart is by raising the blood pressure. Atherosclerosis causes the arteries to become more rigid and narrower, which causes an increase in blood pressure. As a result, the heart has to pump harder, which can lead to it becoming enlarged and can contribute to congestive heart failure.
Atherosclerosis and Heart Attacks
Another way in which high cholesterol levels can affect the heart is by increasing the risk of a heart attack. The narrowing of the arteries that can occur with atherosclerosis can also affect the arteries that supply blood to the heart. This reduces the heart's blood flow, which can lead to a heart attack.
Atherosclerosis and Embolisms
Another danger of atherosclerosis is the ability of these plaques to embolize. When a plaque embolizes, it breaks off from the artery where it began and moves throughout blood vessels. These emboli can block off blood vessels that supply the brain (causing a stroke) or the heart (leading to cardiac arrest).
