The thyroid gland, located at the base of neck, produces hormones vital to metabolism. If your thyroid does not produce enough hormones, a condition known as hypothyroidism, or produces too much, a condition known as hyperthyroidism, the imbalance affects weight, energy levels, menstruation and emotional and mental-well being, among other things. While diet does not form a cornerstone of treatment the way it would for a condition such as diabetes, making certain dietary changes might provide some benefit if you have a thyroid condition.
Generally Beneficial Foods
Regardless of your thyroid problems, certain diet choices will benefit overall thyroid health. The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends consuming foods rich in antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables--in particular, tomatoes, cherries, berries and leafy greens. Eat foods rich in B vitamins, which play an important role in regulating thyroid function. Whole grains are rich sources of these vitamins. Do not drink alcohol. Limit your intake of caffeine.
Underactive Thyroid
If you have hypothyroidism, avoid or limit your intake of foods known as goitrogens, which can affect the production of thyroid hormone. You should eliminate or cut back on your consumption of peanuts, turnips, rutabagas, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kale, spinach, pine nuts, millet, cassava, soybeans and mustard greens.
Most cases of hypothyroidism stem from the autoimmune condition known as Hashimoto's disease, which causes an inflammation of the thyroid gland. Dr. Andrew Weil, a noted author and natural medicine expert, recommends an anti-inflammatory diet for this condition and other autoimmune disorders. This calls for a reduction in fatty animal proteins, omega-6 fatty acids found in corn, sunflower, soybean, safflower and mixed vegetable oils, sugary foods and white flour foods. All of these foods contain components that can trigger the inflammatory response in the body.
Overactive Thyroid
If you have an overactive thyroid, you must consume calcium-rich foods, since this condition can contribute to bone loss, explains MayoClinic.com. Good choices include low-fat or fat-free dairy and various types of beans. You should aim for at least 1,000 mg of calcium daily. Consider supplementation if you feel you cannot get the recommended amounts through food, but discuss this with your doctor beforehand.
The University of Maryland Medical Center suggests getting tested for food allergies; eliminating problematic foods might help. Potentially problematic items include wheat, soy, corn, dairy, chemical preservatives and food additives.
