Hydrochlorothiazide, or HCTZ, is a medication designed to lower blood pressure and edema in individuals with hypertension and heart failure. It also can provide therapy for other medical conditions. It is available by prescription and should be taken as directed by a physician.
Function
This medication is in a class known as thiazide diuretics, or electrolytic and water balance agents. According to "Prentice Hall Nurse's Drug Guide," HCTZ is effective in decreasing the absorption of sodium in the kidneys, causing excretion of water, potassium and bicarbonates. Excretion of these substances reduces swelling associated with heart disease and lowers blood pressure. Therapeutic uses include treatment of congestive heart failure, hypertension and kidney failure.
Mild Side Effects
Some side effects associated with this medication include fatigue, dizziness and parasthesia, or numbness and tingling of the skin. According to Medline Plus, patients may also experience headache, hair loss, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, decreased appetite and thirst. Dizziness or lightheadedness upon getting up from a sitting position may occur if orthostatic hypertension develops. This is a sudden drop in blood pressure when getting up. Any side effects experienced should be reported to a doctor and a patient should seek medical attention if any persist or become severe.
Serious Side Effects
Other side effects indicate a more serious reaction to this drug and require prompt medical attention. A sudden decrease in heart rate or any cardiovascular symptoms could indicate an unsafe level of potassium and must be treated immediately. Report any sore throat, fever, unusual bleeding or bruising, respiratory difficulty or a peeling skin rash.
Food and Drug Interactions
Be sure to report all medications and supplements you are currently taking to the doctor before beginning a HCTZ regimen. Taking this drug with other medications could have adverse effects and may not be recommended. According to MayoClinic.com, this medication should not be taken with Dofetilide and the risk of side effects from HCTZ could be increased by taking it with Carbamazepine, Etodolac and certain other medications. Do not take this medication if you have an allergy to thiazides or sulfonamides.
Considerations
This medication causes increased urination and should be taken early in the day to reduce the chance of losing sleep due to frequent bathroom trips during the night. Weight should be monitored closely when evaluating fluid retention and sudden movement and changing position frequently are discouraged due to risk for orthostatic hypotension. Periodic blood tests will evaluate kidney function as well as glucose control in diabetics due to HCTZ interference with glycemic control, according to "Prentice Hall Nurse's Drug Guide." This drug may increase skin's sensitivity to light, so taking extra care when in the sun and avoiding sunburn may be recommended. Speak with your doctor about your treatment and concerns about long-term considerations with any drug therapy.
References
- MayoClinic Website
- Medline Plus Website
- "Prentice Hall Nurse's Drug Guide", Wilson, Shannon, Shields, Stang ; 2008
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