Metoclopramide is a medication that helps to increase the muscle contractions in the esophagus, stomach and intestines. The stronger muscle contractions also increase the speed the stomach empties into the small intestine. The brand name for the medication is Reglan. Metoclopramide is a therapeutic medication used short-term for acute conditions. According to the Mayo Clinic, taking the medicine in large doses or for longer than prescribed increases the chance of side effects.
Availability
Metoclopramide is available in oral and intravenous routes. When dosing in oral forms, options include pills, syrup and solution. Metoclopramide, in any form, is available by prescription only.
Uses
There are two main uses for metoclopramide. The medication helps treat symptomatic heartburn in individuals with gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD). It also treats individuals who experience nausea, vomiting, a full feeling in the stomach and a loss of appetite, common with diabetes.
Dosage and Storage
The dosage of metoclopramide varies from person to person taking the medication. Considerations when prescribing dosages and frequency for taking the medication depend on age and the condition needing treatment. It is important to take the medication as prescribed by a physician. Do not skip doses or double doses. Metoclopramide is stored at room temperature, away from light.
Administration
Take oral doses of metoclopramide with a full glass of water. Common prescribing instructions include taking the medication before meals and at bedtime. Measure liquid medication carefully and follow all instructions and dosing information give by the physician and pharmacist.
Side Effects
Common side effects of metoclopramide include dizziness, headache, menstrual cycle changes, tenderness and swelling in breasts, increased urination and nausea. Immediate reporting of severe side effects---including abdominal pain, convulsions, jaundice, tremors, unusual and uncontrollable movements of the body, thoughts of suicide and irregular heartbeats---is necessary.
Tardive Dyskinesia
Using metoclopramide for extended periods of time or in high doses may cause tardive dyskinesia. Tardive dyskinesia is a condition that causes uncontrollable movements of the face and extremities. Clicking and moving the tongue, moving arms and legs uncontrollably, smacking lips and uncontrolled chewing motions characterize tardive dyskinesia. Stop taking the medication immediately if any of the tardive dyskinesia symptoms occur.
Contraindications
Avoid drinking alcohol while taking metoclopramide. The effects of alcohol may increase severe side effects. Do not take metoclopramide if there is a history of bleeding in the digestive tract, seizures or a tumor on the adrenal gland. Use the medication under strict care of a physician if suffering from kidney disease, diabetes, liver disease, congestive heart failure or with a history of depression.
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