Potassium is an electrolyte important for the function of nerve and muscle cells. Its level in your body can be measured with a blood test. An abnormal potassium level can cause serious life-threatening consequences, such as rhythm disturbance or cardiac arrest. Your intake of potassium can come from foods and electrolyte-containing drinks, and your primary potassium loss is through urine. Healthy kidneys can adjust the level of potassium in your body. Certain medications and health conditions can also influence the potassium level.
Prevalence
The recommended daily intake of potassium for children 1 to 3 years old is 3,000 mg, 4 to 8 years old is 3,800 mg and 9 to 13 years old is 4,500 mg each day. According to the Produce for Better Health, children 1 to 13 years old need about 38 to 52 percent more potassium than they usually get to meet the recommended amount.
Features
According to the Bay Area Medical Information, the normal laboratory value of potassium in children ranges from 3.4 to 4.7 mEq/L, with infants and newborns having different normal ranges. Elevated level of potassium, or hyperkalemia, is caused by kidney failure, certain medications, excessive use of potassium supplements, certain cancer therapies or dehydration. High level of potassium in the blood is dangerous. It can cause the heart rhythm to become abnormal. If the level is very high, the heart can stop beating. Low level of potassium, or hypokalemia, can be caused by excessive potassium loss by urination or the intestines. Symptoms of hypokalemia include weakness, lack of energy, muscle cramps, stomach disturbances, an irregular heartbeat and an abnormal electrocardiogram.
Benefits
Diets rich in potassium may lead to decreased risk of developing high blood pressure and kidney stones. Potassium may also help to reduce bone loss with age.
Prevention/Treatment
To prevent or treat low potassium level, eat more potassium-rich fruits and vegetables including bananas, citrus juices, avocados, tomatoes, potatoes, fish, chicken and other meats. To prevent or treat mild hyperkalemia, reduce potassium intake, stop taking medication that might have been the cause or take diuretic to increase potassium excretion. Immediate treatment such as intravenous solution or dialysis is needed for severe hyperkalemia.
Warning
Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia can be life-threatening and should be treated by a doctor immediately.
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