Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is a condition that affects the body's immune system. Proper diet from a variety of nutritious foods ensures that HIV-positive individuals support immunity health, maintain their weight and prevent life-threatening infections.
Significance
Individuals who are HIV positive require special attention to their diet to maintain a healthy weight. Losing weight is detrimental to in HIV patients' health because it increases their chances for infections, according to the University of California San Francisco Center for HIV Information. HIV patients typically suffer from reduced appetite because of their medication, and this can significantly affect their nutritional status.
Energy Requirements
Energy requirements are different for everyone and depend on lifestyle and body weight. Health care providers or registered dietitians should be consulted to determine exact calorie needs. HIV positive individuals require higher calorie amounts to maintain lean body mass and overall weight. The Tufts University School of Medicine suggests at least 17 to 20 calories per pound of body weight daily. Calorie requirements increase to 20 or 25 per pound of body weight if an opportunistic infection or rapid weight loss is involved.
Foods
The Tufts University School of Medicine says a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, grains and lean protein sources is beneficial for individuals with HIV. Consuming five to six servings of fruits and vegetables daily offers a variety of beneficial vitamins and nutrients. Berries, apples, oranges, broccoli, carrots, spinach and peppers are great examples. Lean protein sources include low-fat dairy products, fish, skinless chicken and pork. Nuts, avocados, legumes and seeds also contain quality protein and essential fatty acids. Whole grains like oats, brown rice and barley are excellent carbohydrate sources. Limit foods that are high in sugar and sodium like soft drinks and candy products.
Considerations
Vitamins and mineral supplements may be recommended to ensure the best health, according to UCSF. Supplements should be taken on a full stomach. Remember that supplements may be useful but do not replace proper diet. Drinking adequate fluids can reduce side effects of certain HIV medications and also prevent dehydration. UCSF suggests avoiding coffee, soft drinks and alcohol and drinking only water and sports drinks like Gatorade.
Food Safety
Food safety is especially important for individuals diagnosed with HIV because of their weakened immune system. Food that is contaminated with bacteria or germs can significantly compromise immunity health and lead to complications. The UCSF HIV center recommends proper handling and cooking methods to ensure food safety. Washing hands with soap and warm water before and after exposure to food is the best way to stay clean. Rinse all fruits and vegetables with clean water and check expiration dates on packaging. Thoroughly cook all meats, fish and poultry and avoid consuming raw products like sushi or certain meats. Refrigerate all leftover foods at a safe temperature no higher than 40 degrees F.
