The National Cancer Institute estimates that in 2010 there will be more than 200,000 new breast cancer cases and more than 40,000 breast-cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although doctors can effectively treat and cure many breast cancer cases, breast cancer patients typically experience a number of side effects due to their breast cancer treatment or the cancer itself. While many effects of breast cancer and its treatment resolve themselves following cessation of treatment, some patients may experience long-term effects.
Changes in Appearance of Breasts
A common long-term effect of breast cancer is a permanent change in the appearance of the breasts. Several women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove their tumor, which involves removing all or part of the breast tissue and may involve removing the overlying skin and nipple as well. As a result, patients may lose one breast or have one misshapen breast after surgery. Additionally, internal and external scarring after surgery can harden the breast, leading to noticeable changes in breast consistency. The Rhode Island Cancer Council indicates that some breast cancer survivors may undergo breast reconstructive surgery to partially restore the appearance of their breasts after treatment.
Shoulder Stiffness
Another possible long-term effect of breast cancer is muscle and joint stiffness in the shoulder on the affected side. During some breast cancer surgeries, such as radical mastectomies, surgeons may remove part of the muscle tissue underneath the breast, as well as lymph nodes around the breast, which can lead to stiffness after treatment, reports Medline Plus. In addition, breast cancer surgery can damage or sever nerves in the chest and shoulder, which can hinder shoulder mobility after treatment. Oregon Health & Science University reports that performing exercises following breast cancer surgery can improve mobility in the shoulder and arm, helping to prevent long-term shoulder stiffness.
Emotional Effects
Breast cancer also has a long-term emotional impact, both of the breast cancer survivor and her family and friends. In the months and years following surgery, breast cancer survivors must deal with long-term side effects of their breast cancer treatment and some may suffer from depression due to their experience. Additionally, breast cancer survivors may develop anxiety due to a fear of cancer recurrence. BreastCancer.org emphasizes the importance of welcoming the support of others and recommends seeking help from a mental health professional as needed.
