Acid reflux (which is related to another condition, gastroesophageal reflux disease) is a common condition that, aside from causing pain and discomfort, can lead to more serious problems. Untreated acid reflux can lead to ulcers in the esophagus and increase your risk of developing cancer.
Antacids
One of the most common treatments for acid reflux is antacids. Antacids work by neutralizing stomach acid. They can offer rapid relief from the symptoms of acid reflux. Antacids typically contain compounds such as calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide or aluminum carbonate.
H2 Receptor Blockers
Acid is produced by the stomach in response to the chemical histamine. Histamine is detected by the stomach by special proteins called H2 receptors. One way of controlling acid reflux is to lower the production of acid by blocking this signal. H-2 receptor blockers work in this way and include cimetidine, famotidine and ranitidine. These medications take time to work, but provide more long-term effects than antacids.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Stomach acid is created via the movement of small atoms, called protons, into the stomach. Another type of acid reflux medication blocks the production of acid by inhibiting the action of the proteins that move the protons into the stomach. These medications include omeprazole and lansoprazole.
Promotility Medications
Another type of medication for heartburn is known as promotility drugs. These drugs, which include cisapride, cause materials to be pushed through the digestive system more quickly. This causes acid to be cleared out of the stomach, leading to reduced acid reflux.
OTC Vs. Prescription
Many medications for acid reflux, including antacids and H2 blockers, are available over-the-counter (OTC), although they are generally not as potent as those available via prescription. Proton pump inhibitors may soon be available over-the-counter. Over-the-counter medications are frequently cheaper and easier to obtain, but are harder to regulate.
