Intussusception is a dangerous medical condition that can develop suddenly in the intestines of infants and small children. According to Kids Health by Nemours, 80 percent of cases of intussusception occur in children under the age of 24 months and it is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants. Between one and four of every 1,000 babies will develop intussusception. While this condition can be fatal if left untreated, prompt medical attention can usually offer a complete cure.
Symptoms
An infant with intussusception may cry inconsolably. This crying often begins suddenly and may subside for a short while as the pain subsides temporarily. A baby with intussusception might also pull his knees up to his chest in an attempt to relieve the pain. The belly may become distended and the baby may become lethargic. In about 60 percent of babies who develop intussusception, the infant will pass stool mixed with dark blood and mucus that resembles currant jelly. The infant may also vomit, grunt or experience shallow breathing.
Cause
Intussusception in a baby occurs when part of the small intestine or colon slides over another part, like a collapsible telescope sliding closed. When this occurs, the affected portion of the intestine can swell, become inflamed and lose blood flow. According to MayoClinic.com, the cause of this telescoping is often unknown, but some viral respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections or intestinal growths such as polyps may raise the risk of a baby developing this problem.
Treatment
Most cases of intussusception are cured using a barium or air enema. In a barium enema, a mixture containing barium is sent into the intestines through a catheter tube. The pressure of this liquid may cause the intestine to unfold, fixing the problem. In an air enema, air is used instead of a liquid mixture. If an enema does not work, surgery to release the trapped section of intestines may be required. In some cases, a portion of the intestine may need to be surgically removed.
Complications
If a baby with intussusception is not treated in a timely manner, part of the intestinal wall may die from lack of blood supply. Sometimes, the intestinal wall tears and the abdominal cavity becomes infected. The baby may go into shock and die if she does not receive emergency medical care.
Prognosis
Most babies who receive emergency medical treatment within 24 hours of the development of an intussusception recover completely without any lasting complications. The longer the child goes without treatment, the more likely complications may develop. If left untreated, death is likely since the condition rarely resolves itself on its own. In some children, the intussusception may return, so parents should watch for signs of a recurrence.
