According to the National Library of Medicine, a bone fracture occurs when a bone is subjected to more force than it can withstand, causing the bone to break or split. Fractures are commonly seen in automobile accidents, contact sports, falls, child abuse and direct blows. Bone fractures of all types need medical attention to ensure proper healing of the injury.
Simple Fracture
According to Chester College, a simple bone fracture, also called a closed fracture, occurs when the bone is broken but the broken edge of the bone does not penetrate the skin. If the injury is in the back, neck or head, you should not attempt to move the patient; instead contact emergency personnel. If you suspect a simple fracture in a limb, immobilize the limb and seek medical attention. A simple fracture is typically treated by immobilizing the limb in a cast for an extended period of time.
Compound Fracture
A compound or open fracture occurs when the bone penetrates the skin, whether the bone remains outside the skin or not. In the case of a compound fracture, you should seek emergency aid and not try to move or stabilize the bone, as complications may occur. A compound fracture may require surgery, with or without metal pins being inserted to secure the bone edges; a cast is then applied to allow the bone time to heal.
Stress Fracture
A stress fracture typically occurs when a bone is subjected to prolonged force or repeated impact, resulting in a hairline crack or multiple tiny fractures in the bone. This type of fracture is common in sports, such as running, when the foot bones are subjected to repeated stress. A stress fracture may be mistaken for a bad sprain, especially in the foot or ankle.
