Clinical Depression Signs & Treatments

Overview

Depression is one of the most common health problems worldwide according to the Mayo Clinic. Depression, also known as clinical depression or major depressive disorder, is a medical illness that affects both the mind and body. Most doctors think of depression as a chronic illness, much like diabetes or high blood pressure, and it requires long-term care.

Mental Symptoms

Depression can cause a number of mental and emotional symptoms, including feelings of sadness and hopelessness, as well as feelings of worthlessness and problems with focusing and and making decisions. Other symptoms include suicidal thoughts, restlessness and irritability, as well as a loss of interest in everyday activities.

Physical Symptoms

People who are suffering from depression often have trouble sleeping. They also may experience sudden and rapid changes in weight as well as fatigue and weakness. They also sometimes suffer from inexplicable crying fits. Finally, they may have other physical symptoms, such as headaches or back pain, that are not related to any physical problem.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy, while commonly expensive, is an effective method for the treatment of clinical depression. It involves talking about the feelings of depression and trying to identify the cause of these feelings. One form, called cognitive-behavioral therapy, looks to identify negative and pessimistic actions and feelings and to replace them with positive, optimistic ones.

Medication

There are very many medications that can be prescribed along with psychotherapy or on their own. The first line of treatment is usually called an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) because these medications usually have the mildest side effects. Other medications can also be used, including tricyclic antidepressants and another class of drug called a mono-amine oxidase inhibitor. Both of these drugs work to correct the chemical imbalances that can cause depression, but they have more serious side effects than SSRIs.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy is often used as a "last resort" treatment because many patients are wary of the treatment and its side effects. Electroconvulsive therapy works by passing electrical currents through the brain, causing a short seizure. It creates rapid relief for depression symptoms, although doctors do not understand exactly how it works. It can also cause confusion and partial memory loss.