The onset symptoms of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, called HIV for short, typically arise within a month following initial viral exposure. These early symptoms of HIV can be difficult to distinguish from more common flu-like symptoms. People who develop any of the HIV onset symptoms or believe that they have been exposed to HIV should receive prompt medical care to prevent spreading this infection to others.
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenopathy, or enlarged lymph glands, is a common onset symptom of HIV, according to Dr. Shireesha Dhanireddy with The Body website. Swollen lymph glands typically arise within the neck, groin or underneath the armpits, and are often painless. People who experience lymphadenopathy due to HIV may notice that these symptoms persist for several months or years.
Sore Throat
Sore throat pain can occur as an onset symptom of this viral infection, MedlinePlus explains. Throat discomfort may make it difficult for people to swallow normally, which can contribute to a diminished appetite.
Fever
People recently exposed to HIV can develop a low-grade fever as an onset symptom of infection, MayoClinic.com reports. A fever is a natural defense utilized by the body's immune system to help limit the spread of infection. Fever symptoms may also contribute to episodes of chills or sweating and may cause a person's face to appear unusually red or flushed. People who develop a persistent fever should talk with a doctor as this onset HIV symptom can also be a sign of alternate infections or diseases, such as the flu or cancer.
Headache
Uncomfortable headache pain is a potential early symptom of HIV infection. Headache pain can be accompanied by fever and may contribute to difficulty concentrating while at work or school. Persistent or recurrent headache pain can be controlled through the use of an over-the-counter pain medication such as acetaminophen.
Skin Rash
Inflamed, irritated patches of skin can appear across a person's body as an onset sign of HIV, according to MedlinePlus. The skin rash can appear red, dry or flaky, but typically subsides within a month of onset.
Muscle Aches or Fatigue
People with this infection can develop chronic muscle aches or stiffness, which can contribute to increased fatigue. These onset symptoms of HIV can negatively affect a person's ability to remain alert and focused while participating in normal daily activities.
