Bronchitis is an infection or inflammation of the bronchial tubes, or the airways, according to the website Baby Center. Children typically develop a sore throat, the sniffles and a low-grade fever as the first signs of bronchitis. Eventually, the child will develop chest congestion, accompanied with a cough, wheezing and difficulty breathing. Examination by a physician will often reveal the causes of bronchitis.
Viruses
The most common cause of pediatric bronchitis is a virus, or the common cold, according to KidsHealth. Viruses are transmitted from child to child through the hands and mouth and can be prevented by washing the hands often and staying away from sick children. There is no cure for viral bronchitis, but the symptoms are treatable with over-the-counter medications, such as pain relievers, cough suppressants and expectorants.
MayoClinic.com warns to not give aspirin products to children, as it may lead to a rare condition called Reye's syndrome. The child should get plenty of rest and drink more clear liquids while fighting a viral infection. A doctor should be consulted before giving medications to a child with bronchitis.
Bacteria
Bacteria are the other leading cause of pediatric bronchitis, according to KidsHealth. A bacteria bronchial infection can be the result of a sinus infection that has spread to the chest or can be caused by breathing in airborne bacteria. Pediatric bacterial bronchitis is treated with antibiotics. The child's pediatrician will recommend the most effective antibiotic based on the child's medical and family history.
Allergies
Allergic bronchitis is common for children who suffer from allergies or asthma, according to Baby Center. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology states that children with allergies should avoid known allergens to prevent allergic bronchitis. Allergic bronchitis is not caused by an infection. It is the result of a hypersensitivity of the immune system to a substance, commonly pollen, dust or mold spores. The child's pediatrician may prescribe antihistamines or expectorants to help alleviate the child's symptoms.
Irritants
Common airborne irritants can cause inflammation in the airways. Cigarette smoke and air pollution are the two most common irritants that cause bronchitis in children, according to KidsHealth. Children should not be exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke and air conditioning or central heat should be used to reduce exposure to outdoor air pollution.
