People who contract the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, can develop acute symptoms within 2 to 4 weeks following exposure to the virus. These symptoms typically persist for approximately 2 weeks following onset, according to the University of Washington. Acute HIV symptoms can be difficult to detect because they often mimic flu symptoms. People who develop acute HIV symptoms should be evaluated by a doctor immediately to ensure receipt of an accurate diagnosis.
Fever
A viral infection of the body caused by HIV can induce a fever response generated by the immune system, FamilyDoctor.org reports. This increase in body temperature helps prevent the growth and spread of pathogenic substances throughout the body. People who develop a fever as an acute HIV symptom can also experience headache pain, sweating, chills or skin flushing.
Fatigue
Increased fatigue is a potential acute HIV symptom. Affected people may appear unusually lethargic or can have difficulty remaining alert and active while at work or school.
Swollen Glands
The lymph glands, a part of the lymphatic system, help filter infectious material from the blood. An infection within the body signals the immune system to produce higher levels of white blood cells, a type of immune cell that helps fight off bacteria and viruses. People with HIV can develop high concentrations of white blood cells within the lymph glands, which can inflame and irritate these nodes, causing them to swell. Swollen lymph glands that occur during the acute or primary stage of HIV are typically painless, but can persist for several months.
Muscle Aches
Unusual muscle aches and pains can arise as acute HIV symptoms in infected people, MedlinePlus reports. Muscle stiffness or discomfort can exacerbate fatigue symptoms and may make it difficult for people with this infection to perform normal physical tasks, such as running or lifting weights at the gym.
Sore Throat or Mouth Ulcers
Sore throat discomfort is a potential acute symptom of HIV. Affected people can have difficulty swallowing due to painful throat symptoms and can experience a progressive decrease in their normal appetite. Certain people with HIV may also develop red, inflamed ulcers within the mouth or throat, MedlinePlus explains.
Rash
People with acute HIV can develop an unusual skin rash as a symptom of this condition. Patches of red, irritated skin can develop across the body, which can begin to itch or may appear dry or flaky.
Upset Stomach
Initially, people with this type of infection can develop upset stomach symptoms, according to AIDS.org. These upset stomach symptoms of acute HIV primarily include nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. Chronic diarrhea can contribute to abdominal discomfort, bloating or cramping in certain people with HIV.
