Antidepressants' Side Effects

Antidepressant medications alter the levels of different chemicals in the brain, which are thought to regulate mood and behavior. Antidepressants are also sometimes prescribed to help manage pain, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorders, premenstrual syndrome and many other conditions. They can be effective but like all medications, antidepressants can have side effects that should be discussed with a health care provider.

Dry Mouth and Nausea

Different types of antidepressants can cause different side effects. One of the more common side effects of antidepressants, however, is a dry mouth. Dry mouth may or may not be accompanied by nausea, loss of appetite, constipation, diarrhea and weight loss.

Antidepressants may interact with other medications, which can sometimes make certain side effects worse. It is important that patients tell the health care provider all over-the-counter, prescription and herbal medicines they are taking.

Drowsiness

Many antidepressants can cause drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness or lightheadedness, warns the Mayo Clinic. Often these side effects subside after patients get used to the drug. If drowsiness persists or is severe, a physician may have to alter the dosage or in some cases, prescribe another medication altogether.

Sexual Problems

Antidepressants can produce a change in sexual drive, claims the National Institute of Mental Health. Some patients also experience lack of pleasure during sex.

Increased Blood Pressure

A certain type of antidepressant, called MAO inhibitors or MAOIs, can cause headaches, blurred vision and high blood pressure, especially if patients do not follow certain necessary dietary restrictions. The National Institute of Mental Health notes that these patients must avoid foods that contain tyramine, such as cheese, wine and pickles. Tyramine can cause a drastic rise in blood pressure which can lead to a heart attack or stroke. Tyramine is also found in some over-the-counter and prescription medication. Because patients must follow such a restrictive diet and have close medical supervision while taking MAOIs, these drugs are not commonly prescribed.

Suicidal Thoughts

For patients taking antidepressants, the Food and Drug Administration recommends being on the lookout for suicidal thoughts or tendencies. This is especially critical for children, teens and young adults between the ages of 18 to 24, during the first few months of starting the medication. During this time the patients may become hyperactive, overtalkative, more depressed or experience other behavioral changes. Any change in behavior should always be addressed by a medical professional.