In 1994, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--abbreviated as DSM--changed the name of attention-deficit disorder, or ADD, to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, according to the National Resource Center on ADIHD, although the term ADD is still often used. ADD or ADHD is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by hyperactivity, inattentiveness or impulsiveness. Children may have one or a combination of these characteristics. Girls tend to exhibit inattentive and impulsive behaviors without signs of hyperactivity, says the American Psychological Association. Most children are hyperactive, inattentive or impulsive at one time or another. A child with ADD or ADHD displays these characteristics more frequently than other children.
Step 1
Observe your child to watch for consistent signs of ADD behaviors, such as hyperactivity, impulsivity or inattentiveness. For a diagnosis of ADD, these symptoms must be present for a minimum of six months and affect school or home life, according to the DSM. A hyperactive child has difficulty sitting quietly, fidgets a lot, talks excessively, has difficulty staying still during activities and is always on the move. An impulsive child acts on out on impulses without stopping to think first, may be moody, over-emotional, have temper tantrums, talk out of turn and interrupt others. An inattentive child zones out and has difficulty paying attention to tasks, does not listen to instructions well, easily gets bored, has difficulty completing projects, has poor organizational skills and loses things often.
Step 2
Ask teachers and caregivers about your child's behavior. Teachers and day-care workers who spend a great deal of time with your child often spot ADD behaviors during class and playtime activities.
Step 3
Take your child to a pediatrician if you suspect ADD. If the doctor agrees with an ADD diagnosis, he may refer you to a child psychiatrist for treatment. Possible treatments for ADD include behavioral therapy, medication, dietary changes and exercise. Your doctor may also suggest home environment changes and parenting techniques to help your child succeed with ADD treatment.
Tips and Warnings
- If your child is diagnosed with ADD, discuss the doctor-advised treatments with teachers and day-care providers to help them manage your child's ADD behaviors during class and playtime.
- As a parent, you may recognize ADD behaviors in your child that are helpful in leading to a diagnosis. However, because of the detailed criteria for an ADD diagnosis, seek advice from a trained medical professional before assuming your child has ADD.
References
- National Resource Center on ADIHD: Frequently Asked Questions
- American Psychological Association: Gender Differences in ADHD
- "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR" Fourth Edition; American Psychiatric Association; June 2000
- HelpGuide.org: ADD / ADHD in Children
