Causes & Symptoms of TMJ

The temporomandibular joints, often referred to as TMJs, are the joints that connect the jawbone to the skull. These joints, located on each side of the face, enable the opening and closing of the mouth and movement of the jaw from side to side. We use these joints when we chew, talk and yawn. A problem with the muscles or the bones within these joints can lead to discomfort and, at times, pain. Both doctors and patients also call diseases or conditions that cause an imbalance in these joints or interfere with their ability to move TMJ.

Signs and Symptoms

Patients who have TMJ disorders often experience headaches or facial pain that increases when they try to eat or speak. They can also manifest as a sense of clogged ears or pain behind the eyes. These symptoms can sometimes appear to be a sign of something other than TMJ and often delay diagnosis. One such circumstance is a complaint of ear pain without signs of an infection. Other possible symptoms include tinnitus (ringing in the ears), dizziness or a sense that face muscles are tired.

Lifestyle

TMJ disorders can sometimes develop through overuse. Those who frequently chew gum or bite their nails may be able to relieve symptoms by eliminating the behavior. Unfortunately, some habits are less obvious. Patients may not be aware that they grind their teeth or clench their jaw during sleep. During periods of stress, some will clench or tighten the jaw muscles in response to the circumstances and trigger TMJ symptoms as well. Your dentist may recommend occlusal therapy, which is the use of a device that will cushion the teeth and limit grinding.

Physical Changes

Damage to the teeth or jaw can disrupt the alignment of the bones or damage the associated muscles. A fractured jaw, misaligned tooth or a change in chewing patterns due to dentures or other dental work can trigger symptoms of TMJ. In these circumstances, identification of the problem may not occur until their dentist notices worn areas of the teeth. Inflammation due to arthritis or infection may also interfere with the proper function of the jaw.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The symptoms experienced by TMJ sufferers such as headaches, ear pain and even jaw pain may be indicators of other illnesses as well. These patients may have to undergo a complete dental and medical examination until a diagnosis of TMJ is possible. Once confirmed, your doctor may decide on treatment for the TMJ symptoms based on the cause. In many cases, such as incidences of overuse, rest and soft foods may be the most beneficial treatment. Stress management techniques may be helpful in reducing tenseness or grinding. Anti-inflammatory medication may be helpful in managing pain, and muscle relaxants can minimize muscle spasm. If the symptoms are due to physical changes or damage, dental correction or even surgery may be considered.