Normal bone density reduces your risk of fractures and bone deterioration. It is also a reflection of a good diet and a healthy lifestyle. Normal bone density requires adequate nutritional intake as well as exercise to improve skeletal system health. Measuring your bone density gives an accurate assessment of your bone health and your future quality of life.
Significance
The National Osteoporosis Foundation estimates that 10 million Americans have osteoporosis or degenerative bone disease, with 80 percent being women. Osteoporosis is often referred to as a silent disease because its symptoms may go unnoticed until you suffer a fracture. One of the more vulnerable areas of your body is your hips. Hip fractures are a serious complication of this debilitating disease. According to the Linus Pauling Institute, one in five individuals experiencing a hip fracture will die within one year.
Risk Factors
Several risk factors can compromise your bone density. Post-menopausal women are more likely to develop osteoporosis than men. If there is a history of osteoporosis in your family, you may also have a greater risk. Further, medications such as steroids can adversely affect bone density, according to the Mayo Clinic. Deteriorating bone mass is also a sign of aging, according to the National Institutes of Health.
Testing
To determine your bone density, you must undergo a bone mineral density test. Fortunately, the test is painless and non-invasive, according to the New York State Department of Health. The test uses a type of x-ray technology called dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess the bone density of your hips and spine. This information can then be used to see how your measurements fall in line with normal bone density.
Results
Your standard DXA test results will then be compared to a standard value of the normal bone mineral density of a 30-year-old adult of your gender, according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. This comparison will show the progression of any bone deterioration you may be experiencing. Your results will include your T-score measured in units called standard deviations (SDs). If your T-score is within 1 SD of the standard value, your bone density is normal. If it falls between is between 1 and 2.5 SD below the standard, your bone density is losing mass. A T-score of 2.5 SD and below indicates the onset of osteoporosis.
Prevention/Solution
While you cannot control all of the biological risk factors of low bone density, lifestyle changes can improve the health of your skeletal system and reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis. Adequate amounts of vitamin D and calcium will ensure that your body has the necessary building blocks to maintain normal bone density. Regular weight-bearing exercises such as walking and running will build muscle mass and, in turn, build up bone density. The National Osteoporosis Foundation also recommends following a healthy lifestyle that includes avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
