MayoClinic.com notes that human allergic reactions to dogs are the result of a hypersensitivity to proteins found in a dog's hair, saliva and dander--a material made up of dead skin cells and similar to human dandruff. Someone with a dog allergy may experience inflammation in the sinuses or lungs, which can complicate breathing. The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of American states that a person can be allergic to all dogs or to only some breeds.
Unavoidable Facts
According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, dogs secrete fluids and shed dander that contain allergens and collect on fur and other surfaces. Dog dander can be sticky, clinging to sofas, walls and clothing. To further complicate the allergic reaction, dog dander can accumulate dust and pollen, causing a double allergic reaction. Dog dander is unavoidable in a home that has a pet dog no matter how well-groomed the dog is. Dog dander can also become airborne, remaining in the air for extended periods of time.
Cause
The allergic person's immune system reacts to the proteins in the dog dander and fluids as if they were harmful substances, according to MayoClinic.com. The human body releases certain antibodies that are intended to protect itself from these substances, creating an allergic reaction. The antibodies cause mast cells to produce histamine in various parts of the body, leading to inflammation and irritation in the nasal passages, eyes and airways, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology.
Symptoms
The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of American states that a human allergic reaction to dogs causes allergic rhinitis, hay fever, or asthmatic symptoms. Allergic rhinitis symptoms include sneezing, a runny nose, congestion, facial pressure pain, watery eyes and a scratchy throat. Asthma symptoms of a dog allergy are shortness of breathe, difficulty breathing, chest tightness and wheezing.
Treatment
MayoClinic.com states that the most effective treatment for human dog allergies is avoiding exposure to dogs. Dog dander can be found in someone's home for months after a dog is removed. After exposure to a dog, the individual with a dog allergy should wash his hands, change clothing and take a shower as soon as possible. This will remove any lingering dog dander.
Consideration
Allergy tests administered by an allergist can confirm a dog allergy. The allergist can also determine to which type of dog a person is allergic, and how to best treat the condition.
