Archery bows include several components that affect arrow accuracy and shooting performance. One of the most important components is the bow string--the part of the bow that launches the arrow and is attached to the top and bottom cams, or wheels. Bow strings can be made from a variety of materials with several accessories and features to match the individual requirements for a bow.
Materials
During the early years of archery the bow strings were made from natural materials such as linen, hemp, vegetable fibers, sinew, silk or rawhide. These natural fibers are often used on modern recurve bows or traditional wooden bows but can be negatively affected by water. Technologically advanced bows such as compound bows will feature synthetic bow strings made from dacron--a polyester material--or kevlar--a polymer material. Synthetic materials have a longer lifespan than natural fibers and can withstand moisture.
Features
Features on a bow string will vary based on the type of bow, but every bow string has a distinct form. Simple strings will feature a twisted single cord while reverse-twisted strings use a bundle of strings twisted in one direction to twist the bundles in the opposite direction. Most modern bow strings will use a looped design that involves constructing the bow string using one or more continuous loops.
Size
Selecting the properly sized bow string can improve performance and prevent excessive stress to the bow. The overall length of the bow string is determined by the axle-to-axle length of the bow. For example, recurve bows will generally have a bow string that is 3-1/2 inches. shorter than the bow length. If you are making a custom bow string, Moorabbin Archery Club recommends leaving the string length 1/4-inches longer than suggested to allow for twisting.
Maintenance
Proper maintenance is critical to extend the lifespan of the bow string. All synthetic cables and strings must be routinely waxed to protect them from dirt, debris and moisture. PSE Archery recommends replacing strings and cables every 5,000 shots or every 12 months. Inspect the bow string before shooting the bow for abrasions or cuts to determine when it's time for replacement. Most adjustments to the bow string will be completed with a bow press.
Accessories
Bow strings can accompany a variety of accessories to enhance the shooting experience. Serving is the No. 1 accessory and protects the bow string material from abrasion near the nocking point and attachment points with the bow. Other accessories include string silencers to reduce vibration after shooting, string loops for hooking a mechanical release aid and a kisser button for consistent anchor points.
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