Bipolar disorder, or manic depression, is a mental illness characterized by mood swings that range from extreme highs to depressed lows. The low side of this disease leads to depression, while the high side is distinguished by recklessness and euphoria. According to the Mayo Clinic, the deep mood swings of bipolar disorder can last for weeks or months. In addition, the Mayo Clinic says that increased research indicates many people suffering from bipolar disorder are often not accurately diagnosed.
Euphoria
The manic stages of bipolar disorder may leave an individual with extreme feelings of euphoria. This may be evident in behaviors such as increased physical activity, decreased sleep, inflated self-esteem and unreasonable optimism. The individual may take part in risky behaviors, doing things recklessly without regard to the consequences. Often those on the "high" side of bipolar disorder will spend money excessively, take drugs or drink alcohol.
Depression
The depressed phase of bipolar disorder can be seen in a withdrawn individual. He may be depressed, have sleep disturbances, feel anxious and hopeless. A depressed individual may have thoughts of suicide and chronic pain that cannot be explained. Problems concentrating, fatigue and irritability are other symptoms that can be noticed in this stage of the disorder.
Rapid Cycling/Mixed State Bipolar Disorder
According to the Mayo Clinic, some forms of bipolar disorder are called "rapid cycling," or "mixed state." When rapid cycling occurs, symptoms can be noticed more frequently as the mood swings shift more often, occurring four or more times within a 12-month period. In addition, the mood shifts can occur rapidly, sometimes within hours. In mixed state bipolar disorder, symptoms of both mania and depression occur simultaneously.
Hallucinations
According to the Mayo Clinic, severe episodes of either mania or depression may result in psychosis. When this occurs, an affected individual will be detached from reality and may experience hallucinations or delusions.
Age/Family History
According to the National Institutes of Mental Health, bipolar disorder can run in families, usually beginning in late adolescence or early adulthood. Those who suspect they or a family member have bipolar disorder should seek professional help immediately, as suicide may result from an untreated disorder.
