Chemical dependency---also known as drug addiction---is a condition in which a person is dependent on a substance to function and feel well. The effects of chemical dependency vary depending on which drugs are used, though basic similarities in behavior and thinking are present in most cases. Understanding the nature of chemical dependency and family relationships allows people affected by the condition to find effective coping strategies and minimize emotional damage.
Causes/Risk Factors
To date, the exact cause of substance abuse and addiction is not well understood. Genetic factors in combination with external influences like drug availability, peer pressure and early experimentation with drugs are commonly cited risk factors for addiction. Other potential causes include poor coping skills, lack of impulse control, underlying mental health problems and co-existing addictions like gambling or compulsive eating.
Effects
The mood swings and unpredictable behavior of many addicts can place a huge emotional strain on family members, who often serve as targets for abuse. According to the National Association for Children of Alcoholics, kids raised by chemically dependent family members often go on to develop depression, anxiety, problems with self-regulation and distorted reasoning patterns as adults.
Domestic violence and other forms of abuse are much more prevalent in homes of drug abusers. The Tennessee Association of Alcohol, Drug & other Addiction Services states that drug and alcohol abuse increases the risk of domestic violence, even during periods of sobriety. Furthermore, abuse occurs more frequently and is often more severe when substance abuse is involved.
Prevention/Solution
Recovery of the addict is vital before family healing can truly begin. Inpatient rehabilitation centers, detoxification programs and outpatient maintenance groups are the most effective method of recovery for drug abusers and addicts.
Families of chemically dependent people can find support in individual and family counseling, support groups for families of drug addicts and other recovery programs. Open communication among family members is vital, as it allows individuals to give and receive emotional support while helping distribute family responsibilities evenly.
Considerations
People deal with emotional stress in different ways. For some, the effects of chemical dependency in the family can cause lasting effects that require long-term support. Children, people with underlying mental health conditions and victims of abuse may be more likely to suffer persistent problems after others have learned to process and cope with their feelings.
Warning
In some situations, additional forces may be needed to ensure a timely and effective intervention. If sexual abuse, physical abuse or neglect is taking place, alert law enforcement or social services immediately.
