The fingernails can often show specific changes that signify specific conditions. Kidney disease is associated with multiple distinctive nail problems, according to the American Association of Kidney Patients. A buildup of nitrogen waste products occurs in the bodies of patients with kidney disease, which can lead to changes in finger and toenails, according to the DaVita website. Other conditions such as malnutrition and medications can contribute to changes in the nails. A patient should let his physician know if any of these nail changes occur.
Linear Depressions Across Nails
One type of nail change is called Beau's lines, according to the New Zealand Dermatological Society. Beau's lines are transverse ridges that go across the nail and affect all of the nails. Beau's lines are a result of an acute disease that interferes with the growth of the nail. This condition can be seen in other diseases besides kidney disease as well.
Ridged Nails
Another type of change seen in nails of patients with kidney disease is koilonychia. In koilonychia, the nail is ridged to where the nail is somewhat spoon-shaped and concave, according to the New Zealand Dermatological Society. This change is associated with iron-deficiency anemia, which occurs commonly in patients with kidney disease.
White Streaks and Spots
In leukonychia, the nails have white streaks and spots, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. This condition is associated with chronic renal disease.
Half-and-half Nails
Another change that can be seen in the nails of these patients is half-and-half nails, which is also known as Lindsay's nails. In half-and-half nails, the proximal portion of the nail is white, and the distal part of the nail is brown. Swelling of the nail bed causes that part of the nail to become white, according to the American Association of Kidney Patients.
Brittle Nails
Brittle nails are also common in patients with kidney disease and iron deficiency anemia, but they can also be seen in patients as a sign of aging, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.
References
- DaVita: Hair, Nails and Chronic Kidney Disease
- American Association of Kidney Patients: Skin Problems and Kidney Disorders
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center: Polycystic Kidney Disease
- American Academy of Dermatology: Nail Fungus & Nail Health
- New Zealand Dermatological Society: Nail Diseases
