Multiple sclerosis is a debilitation disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). This disease is also thought to be an auto-immune disorder, which means the immune system attacks the body. According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS), an estimated 2.5 million people suffer from multiple sclerosis worldwide.
The Immune System
Multiple sclerosis is believed to cause the immune system to attack the myelin in the central nervous system. Myelin is a fatty sheath that protects nerve fibers. According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, the specific component of myelin that is attacked remains unclear but the immune cells that do the attacking have been identified.
Genetics
No evidence proves multiple sclerosis is a hereditary disease. However, doctors believe that having a first generation relative, like a parent, increases the risks of developing multiple sclerosis. Currently, genetic studies are being done to determine if gene mutations, defects or abnormalities might lead to multiple sclerosis.
Infections
Several viruses, microbes and bacteria are being studied to determine any possible relation to multiple sclerosis. Some of these viruses mimic symptoms of the disease. According to the NMSS, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a potential candidate for causing multiple sclerosis. Unfortunately, other than the risk rising with those who have EBV, scientists are currently unable to prove that EBV causes multiple sclerosis.
Environment
Epidemiologists claim that the farther people live away from the equator, the higher their risk is for developing multiple sclerosis. The leading theory is that people who live closer to the equator are exposed to more sunlight, which increases levels of vitamin D within the body. Vitamin D is thought to positively impact the immune system.
Warning
Scientists are unable to determine the exact cause for multiple sclerosis. The leading scientific theory is that several factors are involved in causing the disease. Consequently, a series of exams must be done to diagnose multiple sclerosis.
