Sun poisoning is an extreme form of sunburn. It is an allergic reaction to excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays. Those with light colored skin and hair such as blondes and redheads are generally more susceptible to sun poisoning than darker skinned individuals with brown or black hair. This is because those with lighter skin have less melanin pigment in their skin. Melanin serves to prevent much of the ultraviolet rays from penetrating the deeper layers of the skin causing a burn. Sun poisoning is a serious injury to the skin that has long-term implications, including premature skin aging and the greater risk of skin cancer.
Drug Complications
People can become much more prone to sun poisoning if they are taking certain medications. For example, drugs containing sulfa lessen the protective response to ultraviolet rays. The skin's natural ability to tan rather than burn is impaired by the medicine. Other medicines that can interfere with the skin's ability to ward off burns are tetracycline, some high blood pressure medications, many tranquilizers, some diabetic medicines, various birth control pills and antifungal agents. Always check the warnings information available for any medication you are prescribed.
Chemical Factors
Certain chemical factors can also cause the skin to be more inclined to suffer sun poisoning. These chemicals are often found in soaps containing deodorants, detergents, shampoos, cosmetics and other toiletries. Even some suntan lotions contain chemicals that comprise the skin's protective defense against ultraviolet rays. According to Paul S. Auerbach, MD in his book "Medicine for the Outdoors," even certain foods (celery, parsnips, carrots, figs and limes) can render those who farm them more likely to experience sun poisoning.
Symptoms
The symptoms of sun poisoning are similar to that of a simple sunburn, but more severe. It generally begins as reddened, sensitive skin that burns, itches and later blisters. In addition to this direct effect on the skin, a person suffering from sun poisoning is likely to become dizzy, nauseous and develop a headache. An individual with sun poisoning may become dehydrated as well.
Treatment
A person believed to be suffering from sun poisoning should immediately seek shelter in a cool, dry room. The burned skin of a sun poisoning victim can be treated with cool water compresses or aloe vera gel for relief. Give the person plenty of water to drink but make sure it is sipped due to the possibility of nausea. Ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be taken for pain. If a high fever, extreme discomfort or vomiting occurs, seek medical attention immediately.
Prevention
The most obvious way to prevent sun poisoning is, of course, to avoid extended exposure to the sun. Use a sunblock that protects against UV rays if you do need to be in the sun for 20 minutes or more, and wear protective clothing such as a wide-brimmed hat to shield yourself. Ask your doctor if there is an alternate prescription you can take if you believe a medication is causing you to burn more easily. Discontinue use of any chemical products you suspect are impairing your skin's natural defense to solar rays.
References
- Medicine for the Outdoors; Paul S. Auerback, MD; 2009
- NBC15: Family First, Sun Poisoning
- Andrew Weil, MD: Sun Poisoning
