Blood sugar fluctuations are referred to as hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, and hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar. According to MayoClinic.com, choosing a drug for controlling blood glucose levels is based on several factors: the safety and effectiveness of the drug, the dose needed, cost and if the patient is likely to stick to the treatment regimen. Numerous choices are available for controlling blood sugar.
Insulin
Insulin is an injectable or inhaled drug that lowers blood glucose levels. Normally produced in the pancreas, insulin is a hormone necessary for the body to convert sugar to energy. Dr. Daphne Smith, Clinical Assistant Professor at UIC College of Pharmacy, describes four types of insulin. Rapid-acting, such as Lispro or Aspart; short-acting, or regular insulin; intermediate-acting, known as NPH; and long-acting, such as Glargine or Detemir.
Glucagen
MayoClinic.com advises the consumption of a few pieces of hard candy, a tablespoon of honey or half a glass of fruit juice if blood sugar levels lower. If available, 3 over-the-counter tablets of glucose may also be effective. In an emergency situation where confusion or unconsciousness occurs, the hormone glucagen is injected to raise blood sugar levels.
Byetta
According to RxList, Byetta is a synthetic peptide delivered by injection to lower high blood sugar levels associated with type 2 diabetes. Byetta increases insulin secretion and delays the emptying of stomach contents. Dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects. Byetta has been associated with serious cases of pancreatitis, some resulting in death.
Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas are a class of drugs used to increase the pancreatic secretion of insulin and cause the liver to decrease glucose output, with a resulting lower blood sugar level. According to Dr. Daphne Smith, they also improve insulin sensitivity. They are relatively inexpensive drugs and are fast-acting. Brand names include Glyburide, Glipizide, Glimepiride and Amaryl.
