Both xylitol and sobitol are natural sweeteners that are forms of sugar alcohol derived from glucose. They have been used for decades as a sweetening ingredient in dental products like toothpastes and mouthwashes. Sorbitol and xylitol also appear as ingredients in a variety of foods, sugar-free candies, cough syrups and chewing gum. Even though they are essentially natural, they still carry some potential side effects.
Abdominal Discomfort and Irritation
When consumed in very large amounts, both xylitol and sorbitol can irritate the digestive tract and cause general discomfort in the abdomen. Gas, bloating, cramps, and nausea are possible side effects. These symptoms can vary in severity according to a person's age and health and the amount of sweetener consumed.
Xylitol and sorbitol also can irritate existing digestive disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, according to Drugs.com. Changes in tests involving liver function can occur as well. These changes in the liver and the enzymes it produces might be the cause of the body's inability to assimilate certain nutrients, including vitamin B12.
Diarrhea
Xylitol and sorbitol are derivatives of glucose that take the form of sugar alcohols, which do not break down completely during the digestive process. Because of this, xylitol and sorbitol might have the same effect as a laxative, according to Drugs.com.
Diarrhea and cramping can occur if too much xylitol and sorbitol are consumed, and severe bouts of diarrhea can cause dehydration. If symptoms of dehydration or bleeding from the rectum appear, consult a physician immediately.
Electrolyte Disturbances
According to Drugs.com, sorbitol can cause fluid and electrolyte disturbances, including edema, dehydration, acidosis and loss of electrolytes. Electrolytes are involved in many bodily functions and need to be replaced quickly if they are lost.
Excessive amounts of sorbitol can block the absorption of vital nutrients and cause fluid loss due to diarrhea and the overproduction of urine.
Cardiovascular Problems
Cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders can occur if too much sorbitol is consumed. Hypotension (abnormally low blood pressure), pulmonary congestion and pain associated with angina and tachycardia are associated with high levels of sorbitol, according to Drugs.com.
Sorbitol side effects that affect the cardiovascular system are similar to those of other drugs. If other drugs have been ruled out, sorbitol might be the cause. If any of these side effects are experienced, consult a physician and report the side effects to the Food and Drug Association by calling 800-332-1088.
Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions are possible when using xylitol and sorbitol. Hives, rashes, tightness in the chest, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the mouth, hands or face are severe allergic reactions that need immediate medical attention. Dizziness, vomiting and general weakness also are symptoms associated with allergic reactions. According to Drugs.com, if any of these symptoms are present, a trip to the emergency room is necessary.
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