Cancer in children may be treated with radiation therapy depending on the type of cancer and the location in the body, according to the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. The effects of radiation on children may vary from child to child and be limited to specific areas of the body, as noted by KidsHealth. Parents should discuss potential effects with physicians before the start of therapy.
Fatigue
A common effect of radiation therapy is fatigue. The child may be tired and need additional naps during treatment. The feelings of fatigue may persist for up to six weeks after the radiation therapy has been completed, according to The Children's Hospital of Aurora, Colo.
Hair Loss
Radiation therapy in children that involves the head and neck may cause hair loss which usually begins during the second week of treatment, as noted by M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. The hair usually grows back about three months after the completion of therapy; the child can wear wigs, caps or scarves during this time.
Mouth Issues
If the mouth and neck are included in the radiation area, the child may have problems with dry mouth, difficulty in swallowing, increase in number of cavities and sore throat, as noted by the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Children undergoing radiation therapy need to have frequent visits to the dentist to manage any issues with tooth decay and maintaining good oral hygiene. Using rinses or other substances to increase the amount of moisture in the mouth may also help.
Gatrointestinal Problems
A child may develop nausea and vomiting after radiation to the abdomen and pelvis, according to the The Children's Hospital. These children may also have diarrhea or loss of appetite as well. Children who receive radiation to the head and neck may also have problems with nausea and vomiting too.
Infections
Receiving radiation at the same time as chemotherapy can cause a decrease in blood count levels, says M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Low white blood counts may cause an increase in infections which will need to be monitored and treated. Sometimes a child may need a blood transfusion.
Late Radiation Effects
Some effects of radiation therapy may occur well after the treatment is completed, according to KidsHealth. Children may develop slowed growth, issues with memory and learning that may affect their school work and problems with fertility. These children may also be at risk for a second cancer in the future. Discussing these possibilities with the doctors at the beginning may allow the physicians to try to avoid the problem. For example, the doctors may plan for sperm or egg storage for a child who may become infertile after therapy.
References
- Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital: Treating Pediatric Cancer
- Kids Health: Side effects of Chemo & Radiation
- American Cancer Society: Understanding Radiation Therapy
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center: Pediatric Radiation Therapy: A Guide for Parents
- The Children's Hospital: Radiation Therapy
