Diabetes insipidus can strike people of all ages. In toddlers, it can occur when the body doesn't properly produce, store or release the antidiuretic hormone, or ADH. It can also occur when the kidneys fail to respond properly to ADH. If you suspect your child has this disorder, it's important to seek medical care immediately for diagnosis and treatment.
Types
There are three types of diabetes insipidus. Children's Hospital Boston reports central diabetes insipidus occurs when there is insufficient production or secretion of ADH. It's usually the result of a brain or central nervous system problem. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidneys fail to respond properly to ADH. Gestational diabetes insipidus only affects pregnant women.
Causes
According to Children's Hospital Boston, there are numerous causes for diabetes insipidus. It can be brought on by a malfunctioning hypothalamus, malfunctioning pituitary gland, damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland during surgery, brain injury, tumor, tuberculosis, blockage in the arteries leading the brain, encephalitis, meningitis, sarcoidosis and family hereditary. Treatment plans vary based on the cause on the condition.
Symptoms
Excessive urination and extreme thirst are the two most common signs of diabetes insipidus, according to the Mayo Clinic, because the body isn't properly regulating the amount of urine produced. Infants and toddlers might also have unexplained fussiness or inconsolable crying, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, unusually wet diapers, dry skin with cool extremities, delayed growth or weight loss.
Dangers
If a toddler's body isn't holding onto enough water, the child runs the risk of becoming dehydrated. Dehydration can cause a host of problems, such as dry mouth, muscle weakness, low blood pressure, hypernatremia, sunken appearance of the eyes, fever, headache, rapid heart rate or weight loss, according to the Mayo Clinic. Diabetes insipidus can also upset the balance of electrolytes in the body, which can cause headaches, fatigue, irritability and muscle pain.
Treatment
Diabetes insipidus can be treated in toddlers, but Children's Hospital Boston notes that children stand the best chance at leading a normal life if treatment is started early. Doctors consider the type of diabetes insipidus a toddler has when drawing up a treatment plan. Some toddlers may need to do nothing more than get some extra fluids into their bodies to make sure they're properly hydrated. Others may be put on salt-restricted diets. Prescription medicines are also available and may be given to young children in a nasal spray.
