Loose stools, more commonly referred to as diarrhea, are watery bowel movements that usually pass at least three times per day, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Acute diarrhea, which lasts one to two days, is usually a symptom of a bacterial or viral infection. Chronic loose stools, which last for longer than two days, usually indicate an underlying intestinal disease or bowel disorder.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome is a bowel disorder characterized by increased or decreased strength and duration of intestinal contractions. Increased intestinal contractions cause intestinal contents to move through the intestinal tract too quickly, whereas decreased intestinal contractions causes intestinal contents to remain stagnant in the bowel. Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include loose stools, bloating, gas, mucus in the stool, constipation, abdominal cramps and the strong urge to have a bowel movement, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. Irritable bowel syndrome can usually be successfully managed by following a balanced diet and the avoidance of trigger foods. Although every case is different, common trigger foods include alcohol, chocolate, beans, caffeine and cabbage.
Food Poisoning
Food poisoning, also called food-borne illness, is an infection caused by the consumption of food contaminated with infectious organisms. Food poisoning can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites or toxins, but is most commonly caused by bacteria. Most cases of food poisoning present with loose stools, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, stomach cramps, loss of appetite, fatigue and fever. Symptoms begin within hours of ingesting contaminated food and can last from one to 10 days, according to MayoClinic.com. Food poisoning usually resolves on its own without any medical intervention. Children and adults who experience severe diarrhea and vomiting and have an increased risk of dehydration may require hospitalization and intravenous fluids.
Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by the chronic inflammation of the colon and rectum. Chronic inflammation causes damage to the wall of the intestine which leads to scarring in the intestine and rectum. Symptoms of ulcerative colitis generally present in flares and include loose stools, abdominal pain, fever, rectal pain and weight loss. Some of those with ulcerative colitis may experience rectal bleeding, joint pain and nausea. Because the cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown, treatment is difficult. Anti-inflammatory medications may be given to reduce swelling of the colon and rectum and diet changes, such as avoiding high-fat foods and alcohol, should also be made. If the ulcerative colitis has caused extensive damage or precancerous lesions have formed, surgery may be necessary to remove the diseased part of the colon, according to MedlinePlus, a service of the National Institutes of Health.
